ਦਸ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ/ਜੀਵਨਕਾਲ/ਗੁਰੂਕਾਲ

ਲੜੀ ਨੰ	ਦਸ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ	ਜੀਵਨਕਾਲ	ਗੁਰੂਕਾਲ
1	ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ	1469-1539	1469-1539
2	ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ (ਭਾਈ ਲਹਿਣਾ ਜੀ)	1504-1552	1539-1552
3	ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ ਜੀ	1479-1574	1552-1574
4	ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮਦਾਸ ਜੀ(ਭਾਈ ਜੇਠਾ ਜੀ)	1534-1581	1574-1581
5	ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ	1563-1606	1581-1606
6	ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਜੀ	1595-1645	1606-1645
7	ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਰਾਇ ਜੀ	1630-1661	1645-1661
8	ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ਜੀ	1656-1664	1661-1664
9	ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਜੀ	1621-1675	1664-1675
10	ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਜੀ	1666-1708	1675-1708

 

Punjab at a Glance

                                          

                 Hon’ble Governor  -   Shri. Gulab Chand Kataria                                             Hon’ble Chief Minister  - Shri. Bhagwant Mann

  

•  Area:50,362 sq km 
• Rural Area:48,265 sq km 
• Urban Area:2,097 sq km 
• Population:2.77 Cr. 
• Rural Population:173.44 lakhs
• Density:551 per sq km 
• Capital:Chandigarh 
• Literacy Rate:75.80% 
• Districts:23 Tehsils:97

Punjab at a Glance - Economic Indicators

 

Punjab at a Glance - Economic Indicators

Economic Profile:

Punjab is one of the prominent northern agrarian states of India. Its contribution to agriculture and Indian economy has been remarkable and it has made India self-reliant in food. Punjab is the food bowl of India. With 1.53% of the country’s area, Punjab contributed 29% of rice and 38% of wheat in central food grains of the nation during 2016-17. The State of Punjab has been the trendsetter in terms of agriculture development and also the pioneer of Green Revolution in India. Apart from being the producer of the best quality of cotton, wheat and rice in India, Punjab also houses some major industries such as Cycle, Sports Goods and Hosiery etc. The State achieved the target of 100% electrification in 1976 and has made large investments in providing basic infrastructure like roads, safe drinking water, school education and health to its citizens much ahead of the other states. This has provided the requisite impetus for high growth during 1960s-1980s.

Sectoral Composition of GSVA:

As per the latest estimates, share of Agriculture and allied sectors in Punjab’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA) is 25.52% and Services sector is the dominant sector with 49.81% contribution to GSVA in 2017-18 (A) as depicted in Table 1.

Agriculture:

Agriculture sector, the backbone of the rural population, is facing its worst crisis due to large indebtedness and farmers are being driven to committing suicides. Although the State contributes major share of rice and wheat to the national pool, yet agriculture has become a non-profitable activity for small and marginal farmers who are under huge debt. The high dependence on rice-wheat cultivation cycle and overexploitation of land has led to certain unforeseen complex problems. The rapidly depleting water table and high toxicity of soil from over-use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to multiple health issues, which is reflected in the high incidence of cancer and organ failures. Therefore, the focus needs to be shifted from only agriculture to agro-processing industry, floriculture, tourism, industry and the services.

The total cultivable area of the State is 4.2 million hectares, which constitutes only 3% of the net area sown in the country. Yet, with this small area, Punjab ranks 7th as gross producer of wheat in the world and it generates third largest marketable surplus after Canada and Australia, which is about one tenth of the global trade in wheat. In case of rice, its market surplus is 2nd only to Thailand at the global level. Despite a decline in the share of agriculture in the aggregate GSVA of the State, its share in employment is by far the highest. Agriculture is still the dominant source of livelihood for the people of the State. More than 50% of the rural population is still dependent upon agriculture for its livelihood and employment. However, over the years, agriculture yield has stagnated in the State while cost of cultivation has increased significantly. Instead of crop diversification, the Wheat and Rice Cropping Pattern is spreading across the State which in turn has impacted agriculture yield significantly.

Industry:

Industrial sector of the State which contributes 24.67% to GSVA has increased by 3.98% in 2017-18 (A) as compared to 5.38% in 2016-17 (Q). There are an estimated two lakh registered Micro, Small, Medium and Large Industrial Units in the State as on March 31, 2017, with fixed investment of about Rs. 86,324 crore and employing about 15 lakh people. These units produced industrial goods worth Rs. 2,01,590 crore in 2016-17 including items such as Hosiery Goods, Bicycles and Cycle Parts, Automobile Parts, Sewing Machine Parts, Yarn and Textile, Hand Tools and Machine Tools, Sports Goods and Leather Goods.

Punjab contributes 75% to India’s bicycle production and 80% to India's bicycle component manufacturing, making it the largest bicycle and its components manufacturing State of the country. Punjab is the leading manufacturer of Hosiery/Woolen goods which contribute 65% to India’s manufacturing of similar goods. Punjab’s export to international markets in Yarns and Textiles is pegged at close to Rs. 6,000 crore.

Being a border State, neighbouring an unpredictable and hostile neighbour, Punjab has certain disadvantages for investments essential for industrial sector, consequently resulting in moderate growth in industrial sector. Further, the special industrial incentives package that was given to Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh (both neighbouring Punjab) hurt the industrial development in the State immensely. Due to these reasons, the share of State’s GSDP in national GDP has declined whereas that of the other states has increased. As a result, Per Capita Income of Punjab has increased at low rate as compared to other advanced states and rank of Punjab in Per Capita Income among major states has declined from 4th in 2004-05 to 10th in 2016-17.

To give boost to the industrial sector in the State, the State Government has notified the "Industrial & Business Development Policy-2017", a part of its vision to put the State back on high trajectory of growth and prosperity. The new Policy is a holistic framework for sustainable industrial growth of the State. The Policy is centered around eight core strategic pillars of Infrastructure, Power, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSME), Ease of Doing Business, Startup & Entrepreneurship, Skill Development, Fiscal & Non-Fiscal Incentives and Stakeholder Engagement supported by sector specific strategies for growth. The policy offers attractive opportunities for companies to invest in the State. To boost industrial growth and curtail unemployment in the State, Government is providing power at a subsidised price of Rs. 5 per unit to the industry.

Services:

Services sector of the State has been a major contributor to the GSVA at 49.81% in 2017-18 (A) as against 48.92% in 2016-17 (Q). The sector witnessed a growth of 7.17% in 2017-18 (A) as against a growth of 6.92% in 2016-17 (Q). Major contributors to the services sector are Trade, Tourism, Real Estate in addition to other services.

Power:

To meet with the increasing demand, the power generation capacity has been raised from 8859 MW in 2013-14 to 13600 MW till date. The State is now surplus in power generation. The State has achieved 100% rural electrification way back in 1976 and every town and village stands electrified. Moreover, Punjab has one of the lowest Transmission & Distribution Losses (T&D) in the country as it made an impressive reduction from 16.95% in 2013-14 to 13.6% in 2017-18.

Connectivity:

Punjab has 100% road connectivity and with a road density of 133 per square kilometre, the State is ranked 2nd in the country. The State has a rail density of 49 kilometre per 1000 square kilometre, which is better than the national rail density of 20 kilometre per 1000 square kilometre. In terms of air connectivity, the State has two international and four domestic airports which provide ease of connectivity to major destinations within and outside India, as illustrated below:

Logistics:

As per the Government of India report on logistics, Punjab is ranked 2nd in Logistics Ease Across Different States (LEADS) Index, on account of various parameters, namely, infrastructure, service, timeliness, safety & tracking and competitive pricing. Figure 1.3 highlights the availability of Inland Container Depots (ICDs), multimodal logistics park and a land port at strategic locations within Punjab, which facilitate hassle free storage and movement of goods within and outside the country.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

 

SDG	Name	SDG Index Score of Punjab	SDG Index score of India
SDG 1	No poverty	56	54
SDG 2	Zero Hunger	71	48
SDG 3	Good Health and well being	71	52
SDG 4	Quality Education	63	58
SDG 5	Gender Equality	43	36
SDG 6	Clean water and Sanitation	60	63
SDG 7	Affordable and Clean Energy	61	51
SDG 8	Decent Work and Economic Growth	57	65
SDG 9	Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure	48	44
SDG 10	Reduced Inequalities	62	71
SDG 11	Sustainable Cities and Communities	36	39
SDG 15	Life on Land	67	90
SDG 16	Peace, Justice and Institutions	84	71
	OVERALL SDG SCORE	60	57

 

Know Punjab

 

Know Punjab

Punjab is a state in northwest region of India and is one of the most prosperous states.

The name Punjab is made of two words Punj (Five) + Aab (Water) i.e. land of five rivers. These five rivers of Punjab are Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum. Only Sutlej, Ravi and Beas rivers flow in today’s Punjab. The other two rivers are now in the state of Punjab, situated in Pakistan. The Punjab State is divided into three regions: Majha, Doaba and Malwa.

Agriculture is the mainstay of Punjab’s economy. Other major industries include manufacturing of scientific instruments, electrical goods, financial services, machine tools, textiles, sewing machines etc..

Punjab has made considerable economic progress after Independence despite the setback it suffered in 1947. It contributes nearly two thirds to the total production of food grains and a third of milk production in the country. It is the leading producer of wheat, thereby contributing to the national food security. The initiative of Green revolution (a major agricultural initiative) has been keenly taken forward by the people of Punjab. Even though Punjabis account for less than 2.5% of the Indian population, they are one of the most prosperous races in India. Their per capita income is twice the national average.

Punjab is considered to have the best infrastructure in India; this includes road, rail, air and river transport links that are extensive throughout the region. Punjab also has the lowest poverty rate in India and has won the best state performance award, based on statistical data compiled by the Indian Government.

According to 2011 Census of India, the total Population of Punjab is 2,77,43,338. The decadal change i.e. increase in population from 2001 to 2011 is 13.89%.

Geographical area

The total area of the state is 50,362 square kilometers (19,445 square miles), with the cultivable area being under assured irrigation. Its average elevation is 300 meters (980 ft) above sea level, with a range from 180 meters (590 ft) in the southwest to more than 500 meters (1,600 ft) around the northeast border.

Location

Punjab extends from the latitudes 29.30° North to 32.32° North and longitudes 73.55° East to 76.50° East.

Punjab is bounded on the west by Pakistan, on the north by Jammu and Kashmir, on the northeast by Himachal Pradesh and on the south by Haryana and Rajasthan.

Climate

The state has a balanced amalgamation of heat in summer, rain in monsoon and cold in winter. The three seasons are so distinctly distributed that you can enjoy each of them individually.  Punjab experiences both summer and winter to its extreme. It even receives abundant rainfall, which makes the state a very fertile land. The region lying near the foot hills of Himalayas receive heavy rainfall whereas the region lying at a distant from the hills, the rainfall is scanty and the temperature is high.

The summer months span from mid April to the end of June. The rainy season in Punjab is from early July to end of September. October marks the beginning of the winter season. From December onwards, the winter becomes chilly. Most of the major festivals of Punjab, like Lohri, Holla Mohalla, Diwali, and Dussehra, fall during this period. The best time to visit Punjab is from October to the end of March.

Language

Punjabi, the official language of the state, is the tenth most widely spoken language in the world. It is also the fourth most spoken language in Asia. It is the only living language among the Indo-European languages which is a fully tonal language. Punjabi is written in the Gurmukhi Script. Besides Punjabi, Hindi, Urdu and the universally acclaimed English are the languages that are spoken in Punjab.

State Capital

Chandigarh is a union territory and serves as the capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana. It is one of the early planned cities in the post-independence India. Picturesquely located at the foothills of Shivaliks, it is known as one of the best experiments in urban planning and modern architecture in the twentieth century in India. The dream city of India’s first Prime Minister, Sh. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Chandigarh was planned by the famous French architect Le Corbusier.

The foundation stone of the city was laid in 1952. In March, 1948, the Government of Punjab, in consultation with the Government of India, approved the area of the foothills of the Shivaliks as the site for the new capital. The location of the city site was a part of the erstwhile Ambala district as per the 1892-93 gazetteer of District Ambala. Subsequently, at the time of reorganization of the state on 01.11.1966 into Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pardesh, the city assumed the unique distinction of being the capital city of both, Punjab and Haryana while it itself was declared as a Union Territory and under the direct control of the Central Government.

Cities/ Towns

There are 23 Districts and total of 168 statutory towns and 69 census towns in Punjab. Thus there are total 237 towns (or say cities) in Punjab. Major cities of Punjab include Mohali, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala and Jalandhar.

One of the world’s first and oldest civilizations, the Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of the Punjab region, with cities such as Harappa and Mohenjodaro now located in the modern-day Pakistani province of Punjab.